2- and 2:7-di-alkylarylcarbamylfluorenes and fluorene-2- and 2:7-di-carboxylic acids and a process of making them



Patented Mar. Z6, 1940' 2,195,289, 2- AND 2:7-Di-ALKYLARYL0ARB oRENEs AND rLUoRENE-z- AND 2n-n1- oAaBoXYLIc Aceros AND A Pltocnss F k:(\TA.:K.U'G'r THEM George Sheldrick and MtaxV Wyler, Buckley,

Manchester, England, assgnors to Imperial Chemical Industries Limited, a vcorporationof v Great. `Britain No Drawing. i Application January 27,- 1938, Se-

rial No. 187,320. In 27,1937 i.

Great Britain, January rolaims. (c1. 26o-558) This `invention relates to thejrnanufacture of 7 new intermediates. for the manufactureoil-dyestu's; v v

With the exception of iiuorene-Z-carboxylic acid they are new compounds.'v Fortner, Monatsmanufacturing dyestui intermediates. further object is to devise a vmethod of manufacnitrile.

hefte, 25, 446-8 4described making fluorene-Z'- carboxylic acid by nitrating uorene to 2-nitrofiuorene, reducing this to the amine, converting the amine to the nitrile andhydrolysing the This invention has as an object to provide new intermediates for the manufacture of dyestuffs. A further object is to devise a new method of A still .which the aryl radical is of the benzene series is used to include the aromatic monovalent vradicals of the benzene series; e. g. phenyl, o-'ta-lyl, m-

vtelyl, p-tolyl, xylyl, o-chlorophenyl, etc.

The interaction of the fluoreneand alkylarylcarbamyl halides may be carried out-With or with'-v out an inert diluent. Chlcrobenzene is a suitable inert diluent for making the Z-derivatives and p-dichlorobenzene for making the 2 7-derivatives.

.interactions may also. be effected inthe medium,

which is obtained byv using a mixture of sodium chloride and anhydrous aluminium chloride.

The following examples in which .parts are by Weight illustrate but do not limit the invention.

ramzplel 1 n 83 parts of fluorene, and 120 parts of ethylphenylcarbamyl chloride are powdered Aand suspended in 166 parts of chlor'obenzene. 36 parts of finely-powdered anhydrous aluminium chloride are then added gradually Withstirring. The resulting-mixture is allowed to standfor 18 hours with stirring, then heatedat 100 C. for 2 hours, cooled, decomposed with a mixture of 300 parts of ice and 32 parts of hydrochloric acid, allowed to vat 100 C.

stand'at 0 C. for `1--2 hours, then filtered, washed with cold `water (containing a little hydrochloric acid) and dried at 100 C. The yield of 2ethy1 phenylcarbamyluorene ,is 14,0 parts (90% of the theoretical calculated on the uorene used) of M. P. 167-169o C. It recrystallisesfrom glacial acetic acid in fine colourless prisms', M. P. 163 C.

(Analysis: Nitrogen, found 4,6% calculated 4.8%).

It has the'probable formula. f

CaHs

By using methylphenylcarbamyl chloride instead of ethylphenylcarbamylchloride, 2-methy1- phenylcarbamyluorene can be. obtained.

Example 2 f 140 parts of 2-ethylphenylcarbamylfluorene obtained as in Example '1, are gently boiled, with Astirringunder reluxvvith 400 parts of 65% sulphuric acid for 2 hours. The product melts and goes oily, and the vacid thenv appears as a line sandy white powder. "When hydrolysis is corn.,` plete the mixture is cooled, diluted with 500 parts of water, and ltered. The precipitate is dissolved in 2000'parts of hot dilute'sodium carbonate solution, Liilteredfrorn any tarry matter, and the nitrateacidiiiedl with hydrochloric acid whilst hot. The resulting precipitate is filtered and Washed with boiling water, and impurities then extracted with water, filtered, washed with water and dried The yield ofv luorene-Z-car-boxylic acid is 85 parts (80% ofvfthetheoretical yield'calculated on the iiuorene) of MQP. 27e-276 C. It crystallises from glacial acetic acid in inewhite prisms of M.P.278"C.`

.2-ethylphenylcarbamylfluorene may be hydrolysed to uorene-2-carboxylic acid also by heating with alcoholic caustic potash ysolution at lEammple 3 33.2 partsof fluorene, v107 parts of anhydrous aluminium chloride, and 27 parts of sodium chloride are well ground together, then '147 parts of ethylphenylcarbamyl chloride, also finelypowdered, are added graduallywith good mixing.

The temperature rises to 60 C. gaseous hydrochloric acid is evolved, and the lmixture goes molten. Heating is continued at 120 C. With* stirring for half an hour, the temperature is raised during half an hour to 150 C., kept there for about minutes until a test portion after boiling up with Water and drying dissolves Without diiculty in methylalcohol.

The mixture is cooled and decomposed by carer.

fully adding 210 `parts of warm 2% hydrochloric acid. The supernatant liquor is decanted 0E, the y C2255 O O 2:7- di(propylphenylcarbamyl)fluorene and 2:7-di(ethylotolyl) fiuorene may be made in a similar way by using a propylphenylcarbamyl chloride and ethyl-o-tolylcarbamyl chloride respectively instead of ethylphenylcarbamyl chlo- It has the probride.

Example 4 84 parts of 2:7-di(ethylphenylcarbamyl-nuorene are gently boiled with 500 parts of sulphuric acid, with a stirring for 2 hours. The solid dissolves in the Aboiling acid, but after a time the dicarboxylic acid comes out of solution as a fine greyish-White powder. sysis is complete the mixture is diluted With 200 parts of water, filtered and Washed With water. It is dissolved in 11000 parts of boiling Water containing a little dissolved sodium` carbonate and a little decolouring carbon,.iiltered and acidifled hot. The resulting precipitate which is very voluminous, is ltered, boiled with 1000 parts of Water, ltered, Washed thoroughly with boiling water, and dried at C. A good yield of fluorene-2:7 di-carboxylic acid is obtained. (Analysis, found, C: 70.2%, H: 3.9%, calculated C: 70.87%, H: 3.9%) It has the probable formula.

Methylphenylcarbamyl chloride,l ethylphenylcarbamyl chloride, ethylphenylcarbamyl bromide, propylphenylcarbamyl chloride, ethyl-o-tolylcarbamyl chloride, ethyLp-tolylcarbamyl) chloride and methylxylylcarbamyl chloride are examples of suitable alkylarylcarbamyl halides. Alkylarylcarbamyl halides are starting materials (Analysis: Nitrogen,

When hydrowhich are easily prepared and convenient to handle. When the alkylarylcarbamyluorenes are made only for the purpose of subsequently hydrolysing them to carboxylic acids, the most convenient one to use is ethylphenylcarbamyl `chloride (which is also called ethylphenylurea chloride) because this is one of the easiest to prepare, e. g. `from monoethyl-aniline and phosgene, and because in the subsequent hydrolysis of the ethylphenylcarbamylfluorenes, monoethylaniline is obtained and this can be used in making ethylphenylcarbamyl chloride again.

This invention is a valuable advance in the art, as it discloses a method of manufacturing new and valuable intermediates for the manufacture of dyestuifs anda new and convenient method of manufacturing uorene-Z-carboxylic acid. The processes give a very good yield of products.. y

As many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention may be made Without departing from the spirit and scope thereofitrene carboxylic acids, the steps which comprisel reacting `iiuorene with an` alkylarylcarbamyl halide in which the aryl radical is'of the benzene series in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride and treating `the resulting alkylarylcarbamylfluorenewith' a strong` hydrolysing agent of the class consisting of acid and alkaline hydrolysing agents.

3. Fluorene derivatives of the class consisting' of 2alkylarylcarbamyluorene, 2:7-di-alkylarylcarbamylfluorene, in which the aryl radical is of the benzene series, and the hydrolysis product of the 2, 7dialkylarylcarbamyluorene consisting of the 2:7-fluorene di-carboxylic acid.

4. As new compounds, the alkylarylcarbamyl uorenes of the class consisting ofl 2-alkylaryl-` carbamyluorene and 2:7-di-alkylarylcarbamyluorenes in which the aryl groups are of the benzene series. y

5. The process of claim 1 in which the acid halide isethylarylcarbamyl chloride.

6,'The process of claim 1 in .which the acid halide is ethylphenylcarbamylk chloride.

7. Compounds of the class consisting ofy 2-ethylphenylcarbamylfluorene and 2 'hdi-ethylphenylcarbamylfluorene.

GEORGE SHELDRICK. MAX WYLER. 

